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Documentation

Conventions
Core Reference
Core Reference
- Dyalog APL Language
  Dyalog APL Language
  - Symbols
    Symbols
    
    Language Elements
    
    Brackets
    
    Special Symbols
  - Primitive Functions
    Primitive Functions
    
    Introduction
    
    Scalar Functions
    
    Mixed Functions
    
    Notes
    
    Scalar Monadic Functions
    Scalar Monadic Functions
    
    Negative
    
    Direction (Signum)
    
    Reciprocal
    
    Magnitude
    
    Floor
    
    Ceiling
    
    Exponential
    
    Natural Logarithm
    
    Pi Times
    
    Factorial
    
    Not
    
    Roll
    
    Type
    
    Scalar Dyadic Arithmetic Functions
    Scalar Dyadic Arithmetic Functions
    
    Add
    
    Subtract
    
    Multiply
    
    Divide
    
    Residue
    
    Minimum
    
    Maximum
    
    Power
    
    Logarithm
    
    Binomial
    
    Scalar Dyadic Logical Functions
    Scalar Dyadic Logical Functions
    
    And Lowest Common Multiple
    
    Or Greatest Common Divisor
    
    Nand
    
    Nor
    
    Less
    
    Less Or Equal
    
    Equal
    
    Greater Or Equal
    
    Greater
    
    Not Equal
    
    Trigonometric Functions
    
    Non-Scalar Monadic Structural Functions
    Non-Scalar Monadic Structural Functions
    
    Shape
    
    Ravel
    
    Ravel with Axes
    
    Reverse
    
    Table
    
    Tally
    
    Transpose
    
    Mix
    
    Split
    
    Enclose
    
    Enclose with Axes
    
    Nest
    
    Format
    
    Depth
    
    Enlist
    
    Non-Scalar Dyadic Structural Functions
    Non-Scalar Dyadic Structural Functions
    
    Reshape
    
    Catenate and Laminate
    
    Rotate
    
    Dyadic Transpose
    
    Partitioned Enclose
    
    Partition
    
    Dyadic Format
    
    Non-Scalar Selection Functions
    Non-Scalar Selection Functions
    
    Right
    
    Same
    
    Left
    
    Disclose
    
    Unique
    
    Unique Mask
    
    Pick
    
    Take
    
    Take with Axes
    
    Drop
    
    Drop with Axes
    
    Replicate
    
    Expand
    
    Excluding
    
    Intersection
    
    Union
    
    Non-Scalar Selector Functions
    Non-Scalar Selector Functions
    
    Index Generator
    
    Grade Up
    
    Grade Down
    
    Indexing
    
    Index with Axes
    
    Index Of
    
    Interval Index
    
    Where
    
    Membership
    
    Find
    
    Dyadic Grade Up
    
    Dyadic Grade Down
    
    Deal
    
    Match
    
    Not Match
    
    Non-Scalar Computational Functions
    Non-Scalar Computational Functions
    
    Zilde
    
    Abort
    
    Branch
    
    Execute
    
    Matrix Inverse
    
    Decode
    
    Encode
    
    Matrix Divide
    
    Primitive Functions (A-Z)
    Primitive Functions (A-Z)
    
    Introduction
    
    Abort
    
    Add
    
    And Lowest Common Multiple
    
    Assignment
    
    Assignment Indexed
    
    Assignment Selective
    
    Binomial
    
    Branch
    
    Catenate and Laminate
    
    Catenate First
    
    Ceiling
    
    Trigonometric Functions
    
    Conjugate
    
    Deal
    
    Decode
    
    Depth
    
    Direction (Signum)
    
    Disclose
    
    Divide
    
    Drop
    
    Drop with Axes
    
    Enclose
    
    Enclose with Axes
    
    Encode
    
    Enlist
    
    Equal
    
    Excluding
    
    Execute
    
    Expand
    
    Expand First
    
    Exponential
    
    Factorial
    
    Find
    
    First
    
    Floor
    
    Format
    
    Dyadic Format
    
    Grade Down
    
    Dyadic Grade Down
    
    Grade Up
    
    Dyadic Grade Up
    
    Greater
    
    Greater Or Equal
    
    Index
    
    Index with Axes
    
    Index Generator
    
    Index Of
    
    Indexing
    
    Intersection
    
    Interval Index
    
    Left
    
    Less
    
    Less Or Equal
    
    Logarithm
    
    Magnitude
    
    Match
    
    Materialise
    
    Matrix Divide
    
    Matrix Inverse
    
    Maximum
    
    Membership
    
    Minimum
    
    Minus
    
    Mix
    
    Multiply
    
    Nand
    
    Natural Logarithm
    
    Negative
    
    Nest
    
    Nor
    
    Not
    
    Not Equal
    
    Not Match
    
    Or Greatest Common Divisor
    
    Partition
    
    Partitioned Enclose
    
    Pi Times
    
    Pick
    
    Plus
    
    Power
    
    Ravel
    
    Ravel with Axes
    
    Reciprocal
    
    Replicate
    
    Replicate First
    
    Reshape
    
    Residue
    
    Reverse
    
    Reverse First
    
    Right
    
    Roll
    
    Rotate
    
    Rotate First
    
    Same
    
    Shape
    
    Split
    
    Subtract
    
    Table
    
    Take
    
    Take with Axes
    
    Tally
    
    Times
    
    Transpose
    
    Dyadic Transpose
    
    Type
    
    Union
    
    Unique
    
    Unique Mask
    
    Where
    
    Without
    
    Zilde
  - Primitive Operators
    Primitive Operators
    
    Introduction
    
    Operator Syntax
    
    Operators Summarised
    
    Operators A-Z
    Operators A-Z
    
    Assignment Modified
    
    Assignment Indexed Modified
    
    Assignment Selective Modified
    
    At
    
    Atop
    
    Axis with Monadic Operand
    
    Axis with Dyadic Operand
    
    Behind
    
    Beside
    
    Bind
    
    Commute
    
    Constant
    
    Each with Monadic Operand
    
    Each with Dyadic Operand
    
    I-Beam
    
    Inner Product
    
    Key
    
    Outer Product
    
    Over
    
    Power Operator
    
    Rank
    
    Reduce
    
    Reduce First
    
    Reduce N Wise
    
    Reduce First N Wise
    
    Scan
    
    Scan First
    
    Spawn
    
    Stencil
    
    Variant
  - The I-Beam Operator
    The I-Beam Operator
    
    Introduction
    
    8: Inverted Table Index Of
    
    13: Log Use of Deprecated Features
    
    43: Monadic Operator Generator
    
    85: Execute Expression
    
    109: Deprecated Feature Log File
    
    120: Generate UUID
    
    127: Overwrite Free Pockets
    
    180: Canonical Representation
    
    181: Unsqueezed Type
    
    200: Syntax Colouring
    
    201: Syntax Colour Tokens
    
    219: Compress/Uncompress vector of short integers
    
    220: Serialise/Deserialise Arrays
    
    400: Compiler Control
    
    600: Trap Control
    
    739: Temporary Directory
    
    900: Called Monadically
    
    950: Loaded Libraries
    
    1010: Set Shell Script Debug Options
    
    1111: Number of Threads
    
    1112: Parallel Execution Threshold
    
    1159: Update Function Timestamp
    
    1200: Format Datetime
    
    1302: Set aplcore Parameters
    
    1500: Hash Array
    
    2000: Memory Manager Statistics
    
    2002: Specify Workspace Available
    
    2007: Disable Global Triggers
    
    2010: Update DataTable
    
    2011: Read DataTable
    
    2014: Remove Data Binding
    
    2015: Create Data Binding Source
    
    2016: Create .NET Delegate
    
    2017: Identify .NET Type
    
    2022: Flush Session Caption
    
    2023: Close all Windows
    
    2035: Set Dyalog Pixel Type
    
    2041: Override COM Default Value
    
    2100: Export To Memory
    
    2101: Close .NET AppDomain
    
    2250: Verify .NET Interface
    
    2400: Set Workspace Save Options
    
    2401: Expose Root Properties, Events and Methods
    
    2501: Discard Thread on Exit
    
    2502: Discard Parked Threads
    
    2503: Mark Thread as Uninterruptible
    
    2520: Spawn .NET Thread
    
    2704: Continue Autosave
    
    3002: Disable Component Checksum Validation
    
    3012: Enable Compression of Large Components
    
    3500: Send Text to Ride-embedded Browser
    
    3501: Connected to Ride
    
    3502: Manage Ride
    
    3535: Scan For Deprecated Files
    
    4000: Fork New Task
    
    4001: Change User
    
    4002: Reap Forked Tasks
    
    4007: Signal Counts
    
    5171: Discard Source Information
    
    5172: Discard Source Code
    
    5176: List Loaded Files
    
    5177: List Loaded File Objects
    
    5178: Remove Loaded File Object Info
    
    5179: Loaded File Object Info
    
    5581: Unicode Normalisation
    
    7162: JSON Translate Name
    
    8373: Shell Process Control
    
    8415: Singular Value Decomposition
    
    16808: Sample Probability Distribution
    
    50100: Line Count
    
    Other I-Beams
  - System Functions
    System Functions
    
    Introduction
    
    System Functions Categorised
    System Functions Categorised
    
    Introduction
    
    System Settings
    System Settings
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕CT: Comparison Tolerance
    
    ⎕DCT: Decimal Comparison Tolerance
    
    ⎕DIV: Division Method
    
    ⎕FR: Floating Point Representation
    
    ⎕IO: Index Origin
    
    ⎕ML: Migration Level
    
    ⎕PP: Print Precision
    
    ⎕RL: Random Link
    
    Session Information and Management
    Session Information and Management
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕AI: Account Information
    
    ⎕AN: Account Name
    
    ⎕CLEAR: Clear Workspace
    
    ⎕CY: Copy Workspace
    
    ⎕DL: Delay
    
    ⎕LOAD: Load Workspace
    
    ⎕OFF: Sign Off APL
    
    ⎕PATH: Search Path
    
    ⎕SAVE: Save Workspace
    
    ⎕TS: Timestamp
    
    System Constants
    System Constants
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕A: Alphabetic Characters
    
    ⎕D: Digits
    
    ⎕NULL: Null Item
    
    Tools and Access to External Facilities
    Tools and Access to External Facilities
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕CMD: Execute Windows Command
    
    ⎕CMD: Start Windows Auxiliary Processor
    
    ⎕CSV: Comma Separated Values
    
    ⎕DR: Data Representation Monadic
    
    ⎕DR: Data Representation Dyadic
    
    ⎕FMT: Format Monadic
    
    ⎕FMT: Format Dyadic
    
    ⎕JSON: JSON Convert
    
    ⎕MAP: Map File
    
    ⎕NA: Name Association
    
    ⎕R: Replace
    
    ⎕S: Search
    
    ⎕SH: Execute UNIX Command
    
    ⎕SH: Start UNIX Auxiliary Processor
    
    ⎕SHELL: Execute external program
    
    ⎕UCS: Unicode Convert
    
    ⎕USING: Using Microsoft Net Search Path
    
    ⎕VFI: Verify Fix Input
    
    ⎕XML: XML Convert
    
    Manipulating Functions and Operators
    Manipulating Functions and Operators
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕AT: Attributes
    
    ⎕CR: Canonical Representation
    
    ⎕ED: Edit Object
    
    ⎕EX: Expunge Object
    
    ⎕FX: Fix Definition
    
    ⎕LOCK: Lock Definition
    
    ⎕MONITOR: Set Monitor
    
    ⎕MONITOR: Query Monitor
    
    ⎕OR: Object Representation
    
    ⎕NR: Nested Representation
    
    ⎕PROFILE: Profile Application
    
    ⎕REFS: Cross References
    
    ⎕STOP: Set Stop
    
    ⎕STOP: Query Stop
    
    ⎕TRACE: Set Trace
    
    ⎕TRACE: Query Trace
    
    ⎕VR: Vector Representation
    
    Namespaces and Objects
    Namespaces and Objects
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕BASE: Base Class
    
    ⎕CLASS: Class
    
    ⎕CS: Change Space
    
    ⎕DF: Display Form
    
    ⎕FIX: Fix Script
    
    ⎕INSTANCES: Instances
    
    ⎕NEW: New Instance
    
    ⎕NS: Namespace
    
    ⎕SRC: Source
    
    ⎕THIS: This Space
    
    Input and Output
    Input and Output
    
    Introduction
    
    Character Input/Output
    
    Evaluated Input/Output
    
    ⎕ARBIN: Arbitrary Input
    
    ⎕ARBOUT: Arbitrary Output
    
    ⎕RTL: Response Time Limit
    
    Component Files
    Component Files
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕FAPPEND: File Append Component
    
    ⎕FAVAIL: File System Available
    
    ⎕FCHK: File Check and Repair
    
    ⎕FCOPY: File Copy
    
    ⎕FCREATE: File Create
    
    ⎕FDROP: File Drop Component
    
    ⎕FERASE: File Erase
    
    ⎕FHIST: File History
    
    ⎕FHOLD: File Hold
    
    ⎕FLIB: Component File Library
    
    ⎕FNAMES: File Names
    
    ⎕FNUMS: File Numbers
    
    ⎕FPROPS: File Properties
    
    ⎕FRDAC: File Read Access
    
    ⎕FRDCI: File Read Component Information
    
    ⎕FREAD: File Read Component
    
    ⎕FRENAME: File Rename
    
    ⎕FREPLACE: File Replace Component
    
    ⎕FRESIZE: File Resize
    
    ⎕FSIZE: File Size
    
    ⎕FSTAC: File Set Access
    
    ⎕FSTIE: File Share Tie
    
    ⎕FTIE: Exclusive File Tie
    
    ⎕FUNTIE: File Untie
    
    Native Files
    Native Files
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕NPARTS: File Name Parts
    
    ⎕MKDIR: Make Directory
    
    ⎕NAPPEND: Native File Append
    
    ⎕NCREATE: Native File Create
    
    ⎕NCOPY: Native File Copy
    
    ⎕NDELETE: Native File Delete
    
    ⎕NERASE: Native File Erase
    
    ⎕NEXISTS: Native File Exists
    
    ⎕NGET: Read Text File
    
    ⎕NINFO: Native File Information
    
    ⎕NLOCK: Native File Lock
    
    ⎕NMOVE: Native File Move
    
    ⎕NNAMES: Native File Names
    
    ⎕NNUMS: Native File Numbers
    
    ⎕NPARTS: File Name Parts
    
    ⎕NPUT: Write Text File
    
    ⎕NREAD: Native File Read
    
    ⎕NRENAME: Native File Rename
    
    ⎕NREPLACE: Native File Replace
    
    ⎕NRESIZE: Native File Resize
    
    ⎕NSIZE: Native File Size
    
    ⎕NTIE: Native File Tie
    
    ⎕NUNTIE: Native File Untie
    
    ⎕NXLATE: Native File Translate
    
    Threads
    Threads
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕TCNUMS: Thread Child Numbers
    
    ⎕TID: Current Thread Identity
    
    ⎕TKILL: Kill Thread
    
    ⎕TNAME: Current Thread Name
    
    ⎕TNUMS: Thread Numbers
    
    ⎕TSYNC: Wait for Threads to Terminate
    
    Synchronisation
    Synchronisation
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕TGET: Get Tokens
    
    ⎕TKILL: Kill Thread
    
    ⎕TPOOL: Token Pool
    
    ⎕TPUT: Put Tokens
    
    ⎕TREQ: Token Requests
    
    Error Handling
    Error Handling
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕DM: Diagnostic Message
    
    ⎕DMX: Extended Diagnostic Message
    
    ⎕EM: Event Message
    
    ⎕EN: Event Number
    
    ⎕EXCEPTION: Exception
    
    ⎕SIGNAL: Signal Event
    
    ⎕TRAP: Trap Event
    
    Stack and Workspace
    Stack and Workspace
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕LC: Line Count
    
    ⎕LX: Latent Expression
    
    ⎕NC: Name Classification
    
    ⎕NL: Name List
    
    ⎕NSI: Namespace Indicator
    
    ⎕RSI: Space Indicator
    
    ⎕SI: State Indicator
    
    ⎕SHADOW: Shadow Name
    
    ⎕SIZE: Size of Object
    
    ⎕STACK: State Indicator Stack
    
    ⎕STATE: State of Object
    
    ⎕VGET: Value Get
    
    ⎕VSET: Value Set
    
    ⎕WA: Workspace Available
    
    ⎕WSID: Workspace Identification
    
    ⎕XSI: Extended State Indicator
    
    Shared Variables
    Shared Variables
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕SVC: Query Access Control
    
    ⎕SVC: Set Access Control
    
    ⎕SVO: Offer Shared Variable
    
    ⎕SVO: Shared Variable Offer
    
    ⎕SVO: Query Degree of Coupling
    
    ⎕SVQ: Shared Variable Query
    
    ⎕SVR: Shared Variable Retract Offer
    
    ⎕SVS: Shared Variable State
    
    GUI and COM Support
    GUI and COM Support
    
    Introduction
    
    ⎕DQ: Dequeue Events
    
    ⎕EXPORT: Export Object
    
    ⎕NQ: Enqueue Event
    
    ⎕WC: Windows Create Object
    
    ⎕WG: Windows Get Property
    
    ⎕WN: Windows Child Names
    
    ⎕WS: Windows Set Property
    
    ⎕WX: Window Expose
    
    Miscellaneous
    Miscellaneous
    
    Introduction
    
    Underscored Alphabetic Characters
    
    ⎕AV: Atomic Vector
    
    ⎕AVU: Atomic Vector Unicode
    
    ⎕KL: Key Label
    
    ⎕PFKEY: Program Function Key
    
    ⎕SD: Screen Dimensions
    
    ⎕SM: Screen Map
    
    ⎕SR: Screen Read
    
    ⎕OPT: Variant
    
    ⎕TC: Terminal Control
    
    ⎕XT: Set External Variable
    
    ⎕XT: Query External Variable
    
    System Variables
    
    System Functions (A-Z)
    System Functions (A-Z)
    
    Introduction
    
    Character Input/Output
    
    Evaluated Input/Output
    
    Underscored Alphabetic Characters
    
    ⎕A: Alphabetic Characters
    
    ⎕AI: Account Information
    
    ⎕AN: Account Name
    
    ⎕ARBIN: Arbitrary Input
    
    ⎕ARBOUT: Arbitrary Output
    
    ⎕AT: Attributes
    
    ⎕ATX: Extended Attributes
    
    ⎕AV: Atomic Vector
    
    ⎕AVU: Atomic Vector Unicode
    
    ⎕BASE: Base Class
    
    ⎕C: Case Convert
    
    ⎕CLASS: Class
    
    ⎕CLEAR: Clear Workspace
    
    ⎕CMD: Execute Windows Command
    
    ⎕CMD: Start Windows Auxiliary Processor
    
    ⎕CR: Canonical Representation
    
    ⎕CS: Change Space
    
    ⎕CSV: Comma Separated Values
    
    ⎕CT: Comparison Tolerance
    
    ⎕CY: Copy Workspace
    
    ⎕D: Digits
    
    ⎕DCT: Decimal Comparison Tolerance
    
    ⎕DF: Display Form
    
    ⎕DIV: Division Method
    
    ⎕DL: Delay
    
    ⎕DM: Diagnostic Message
    
    ⎕DMX: Extended Diagnostic Message
    
    ⎕DQ: Dequeue Events
    
    ⎕DR: Data Representation Monadic
    
    ⎕DR: Data Representation Dyadic
    
    ⎕DT: Datetime
    
    ⎕ED: Edit Object
    
    ⎕EM: Event Message
    
    ⎕EN: Event Number
    
    ⎕EX: Expunge Object
    
    ⎕EXCEPTION: Exception
    
    ⎕EXPORT: Export Object
    
    ⎕FAPPEND: File Append Component
    
    ⎕FAVAIL: File System Available
    
    ⎕FCHK: File Check and Repair
    
    ⎕FCOPY: File Copy
    
    ⎕FCREATE: File Create
    
    ⎕FDROP: File Drop Component
    
    ⎕FERASE: File Erase
    
    ⎕FHIST: File History
    
    ⎕FHOLD: File Hold
    
    ⎕FIX: Fix Script
    
    ⎕FLIB: Component File Library
    
    ⎕FMT: Format Monadic
    
    ⎕FMT: Format Dyadic
    
    ⎕FNAMES: File Names
    
    ⎕FNUMS: File Numbers
    
    ⎕FPROPS: File Properties
    
    ⎕FR: Floating Point Representation
    
    ⎕FRDAC: File Read Access
    
    ⎕FRDCI: File Read Component Information
    
    ⎕FREAD: File Read Component
    
    ⎕FRENAME: File Rename
    
    ⎕FREPLACE: File Replace Component
    
    ⎕FRESIZE: File Resize
    
    ⎕FSIZE: File Size
    
    ⎕FSTAC: File Set Access
    
    ⎕FSTIE: File Share Tie
    
    ⎕FTIE: Exclusive File Tie
    
    ⎕FUNTIE: File Untie
    
    ⎕FX: Fix Definition
    
    ⎕INSTANCES: Instances
    
    ⎕IO: Index Origin
    
    ⎕JSON: JSON Convert
    
    ⎕KL: Key Label
    
    ⎕LC: Line Count
    
    ⎕LOAD: Load Workspace
    
    ⎕LOCK: Lock Definition
    
    ⎕LX: Latent Expression
    
    ⎕MAP: Map File
    
    ⎕MKDIR: Make Directory
    
    ⎕ML: Migration Level
    
    ⎕MONITOR: Set Monitor
    
    ⎕MONITOR: Query Monitor
    
    ⎕NA: Name Association
    
    ⎕NAPPEND: Native File Append
    
    ⎕NC: Name Classification
    
    ⎕NCOPY: Native File Copy
    
    ⎕NCREATE: Native File Create
    
    ⎕NDELETE: Native File Delete
    
    ⎕NERASE: Native File Erase
    
    ⎕NEW: New Instance
    
    ⎕NEXISTS: Native File Exists
    
    ⎕NGET: Read Text File
    
    ⎕NINFO: Native File Information
    
    ⎕NL: Name List
    
    ⎕NLOCK: Native File Lock
    
    ⎕NMOVE: Native File Move
    
    ⎕NNAMES: Native File Names
    
    ⎕NNUMS: Native File Numbers
    
    ⎕NPARTS: File Name Parts
    
    ⎕NPUT: Write Text File
    
    ⎕NQ: Enqueue Event
    
    ⎕NR: Nested Representation
    
    ⎕NREAD: Native File Read
    
    ⎕NRENAME: Native File Rename
    
    ⎕NREPLACE: Native File Replace
    
    ⎕NRESIZE: Native File Resize
    
    ⎕NS: Namespace
    
    ⎕NSI: Namespace Indicator
    
    ⎕NSIZE: Native File Size
    
    ⎕NTIE: Native File Tie
    
    ⎕NULL: Null Item
    
    ⎕NUNTIE: Native File Untie
    
    ⎕NXLATE: Native File Translate
    
    ⎕OFF: Sign Off APL
    
    ⎕OPT: Variant
    
    ⎕OR: Object Representation
    
    ⎕PATH: Search Path
    
    ⎕PFKEY: Program Function Key
    
    ⎕PP: Print Precision
    
    ⎕PROFILE: Profile Application
    
    ⎕PW: Print Width
    
    ⎕R: Replace
    
    ⎕REFS: Cross References
    
    ⎕RL: Random Link
    
    ⎕RSI: Space Indicator
    
    ⎕RTL: Response Time Limit
    
    ⎕S: Search
    
    ⎕SAVE: Save Workspace
    
    ⎕SD: Screen Dimensions
    
    ⎕SE: Session Namespace
    
    ⎕SH: Execute UNIX Command
    
    ⎕SH: Start UNIX Auxiliary Processor
    
    ⎕SHADOW: Shadow Name
    
    ⎕SHELL: Execute external program
    
    ⎕SI: State Indicator
    
    ⎕SIGNAL: Signal Event
    
    ⎕SIZE: Size of Object
    
    ⎕SM: Screen Map
    
    ⎕SR: Screen Read
    
    ⎕SRC: Source
    
    ⎕STACK: State Indicator Stack
    
    ⎕STATE: State of Object
    
    ⎕STOP: Set Stop
    
    ⎕STOP: Query Stop
    
    ⎕SVC: Set Access Control
    
    ⎕SVC: Query Access Control
    
    ⎕SVO: Shared Variable Offer
    
    ⎕SVO: Query Degree of Coupling
    
    ⎕SVQ: Shared Variable Query
    
    ⎕SVR: Shared Variable Retract Offer
    
    ⎕SVS: Shared Variable State
    
    ⎕TALLOC: Allocate Token Range
    
    ⎕TC: Terminal Control
    
    ⎕TCNUMS: Thread Child Numbers
    
    ⎕TGET: Get Tokens
    
    ⎕THIS: This Space
    
    ⎕TID: Current Thread Identity
    
    ⎕TKILL: Kill Thread
    
    ⎕TNAME: Current Thread Name
    
    ⎕TNUMS: Thread Numbers
    
    ⎕TPOOL: Token Pool
    
    ⎕TPUT: Put Tokens
    
    ⎕TRACE: Set Trace
    
    ⎕TRACE: Query Trace
    
    ⎕TRAP: Trap Event
    
    ⎕TREQ: Token Requests
    
    ⎕TS: Timestamp
    
    ⎕TSYNC: Wait for Threads to Terminate
    
    ⎕UCS: Unicode Convert
    
    ⎕USING: Using Microsoft Net Search Path
    
    ⎕VFI: Verify Fix Input
    
    ⎕VGET: Value Get
    
    ⎕VR: Vector Representation
    
    ⎕VSET: Value Set
    
    ⎕WA: Workspace Available
    
    ⎕WC: Windows Create Object
    
    ⎕WG: Windows Get Property
    
    ⎕WN: Windows Child Names
    
    ⎕WS: Windows Set Property
    
    ⎕WSID: Workspace Identification
    
    ⎕WX: Window Expose
    
    ⎕XML: XML Convert
    
    ⎕XSI: Extended State Indicator
    
    ⎕XT: Set External Variable
    
    ⎕XT: Query External Variable
  - System Commands
    System Commands
    
    Introduction
    
    System Commands (A-Z)
    System Commands (A-Z)
    
    CLASSES: List Classes
    
    CLEAR: Clear Workspace
    
    CMD: Windows Command Processor
    
    CONTINUE: Save Continuation
    
    COPY: Copy Workspace
    
    CS: Change Space
    
    DROP: Drop Workspace
    
    ED: Edit Object
    
    ERASE: Erase Object
    
    EVENTS: List Events
    
    FNS: List Global Defined Functions
    
    HOLDS: Display Held Tokens
    
    LIB: List Workspace Library
    
    LOAD: Load Workspace
    
    METHODS: List Methods
    
    NS: Create Namespace
    
    OBJECTS: List Global Namespaces
    
    OBS: List Global Namespaces Short
    
    OFF: Sign Off APL
    
    OPS: List Global Defined Operators
    
    PCOPY: Protected Copy
    
    PROPS: List Properties
    
    RESET: Reset State Indicator
    
    SAVE: Save Workspace
    
    SH: Execute UNIX Command
    
    SI: State Indicator
    
    SIC: Clear State Indicator
    
    SINL: State Indicator Name List
    
    TID: Thread Identity
    
    VARS: List Global Defined Variables
    
    WSID: Workspace Identification
    
    XLOAD: Load without Latent Expression
  - PCRE Specifications
- Programming
  Programming
  - Introduction
    Introduction
    
    Workspaces
    
    Legal Names
    
    Arrays
    Arrays
    
    Introduction
    
    Numbers
    
    Characters
    
    Enclosed Elements
    
    Specification of Variables
    
    Vector Notation
    
    Array Notation
    
    Structuring of Arrays
    
    Display of Arrays
    
    Prototypes and Fill Items
    
    Cells and Subarrays
    
    Expressions
    
    Functions
    
    Operators
    
    Binding Strength
    
    Function Trains
    
    Search Functions and Hash Tables
    
    Idiom Recognition
    Idiom Recognition
    
    Introduction
    
    Idiom List
    
    Parallel Execution
    
    Complex Numbers
    
    128 Bit Decimal Floating-Point Support
    
    Namespaces
    Namespaces
    
    Overview
    
    Namespace Syntax
    
    Namespace Reference Evaluation
    
    Namespaces and Localisation
    
    Namespace References
    
    Unnamed Namespaces
    
    Arrays of Namespace References
    
    Distributed Assignment
    
    Distributed Functions
    
    Namespaces and Operators
    
    Serialising Namespaces
    
    External Variables
    
    Component Files
    
    Auxiliary Processors
  - Deprecated Functionality
  - Defined Functions and Operators
    Defined Functions and Operators
    
    Introduction
    
    Traditional Functions and Operators
    Traditional Functions and Operators
    
    Introduction
    
    Model Syntax
    
    Statements
    
    Global & Local Names
    
    Locals Lines
    
    Namelists
    
    Locked Functions & Operators
    
    Function Declaration Statements
    Function Declaration Statements
    
    Introduction
    
    Access Statement
    
    Attribute Statement
    
    Implements Statement
    
    Signature Statement
    
    Control Structures
    Control Structures
    
    Introduction
    
    If Statement
    
    While Statement
    
    Repeat Statement
    
    For Statement
    
    Select Statement
    
    With Statement
    
    Hold Statement
    
    Trap Statement
    
    GoTo Statement
    
    Return Statement
    
    Leave Statement :Leave
    
    Continue Statement
    
    Section Statement
    
    Disposable Statement
    
    APL Line Editor
    
    Dfns and Dops
    Dfns and Dops
    
    Introduction
    
    MultiLine Dfns
    
    Default Left Argument
    
    Guards
    
    Shy Result
    
    Lexical Name Scope
    
    Error Guards
    
    Dops
    
    Recursion
    
    Tail Calls
    
    Restrictions
  - Object Oriented Programming
    Object Oriented Programming
    
    Introducing Classes
    Introducing Classes
    
    Introducing Classes
    
    Defining Classes
    
    Editing Classes
    
    Inheritance
    
    Instances
    
    Constructors
    Constructors
    
    Introduction
    
    Constructor Overloading
    
    Niladic (Default) Constructors
    
    Empty Arrays of Instances: Why?
    
    Empty Arrays of Instances: How?
    
    Base Constructors
    
    Niladic Example
    
    Monadic Example
    
    Destructors
    
    Class Members
    Class Members
    
    Introduction
    
    Fields
    Fields
    
    Introduction
    
    Public Fields
    
    Initialising Fields
    
    Private Fields
    
    Shared Fields
    
    Trigger Fields
    
    Methods
    Methods
    
    Methods
    
    Shared Methods
    
    Instance Methods
    
    Superseding Base Class Methods
    
    Properties
    Properties
    
    Properties
    
    Simple Instance Properties
    
    Simple Shared Properties
    
    Numbered Properties
    Numbered Properties
    
    Introduction
    
    Example
    
    The Default Property
    
    ComponentFile Class
    
    Keyed Properties
    Keyed Properties
    
    Introduction
    
    Example 1
    
    Example 2
    
    Interfaces
    Interfaces
    
    Introduction
    
    Example
    
    Including Namespaces in Classes
    Including Namespaces in Classes
    
    Introduction
    
    Example
    
    Nested Classes
    Nested Classes
    
    Nested Classes
    
    GolfService Example
    
    Namespace Scripts
    Namespace Scripts
    
    Namespace Scripts
    
    DiaryStuff Example
    
    Including Script Files
    
    Class Declaration Statements
    Class Declaration Statements
    
    Introduction
    
    Interface Statement
    
    Namespace Statement
    
    Class Statement
    
    Using Statement
    
    Attribute Statement
    
    Access Statement
    
    Implements Statement
    
    Field Statement
    
    Property Section
    Property Section
    
    Property Statement
    
    PropertyArguments Class
    
    PropertyGet Function Syntax
    
    PropertySet Function Syntax
    
    PropertyShape Function Syntax
  - Threads
    Threads
    
    Introduction
    
    Language Elements.
    
    Thread Switching
    
    Name Scope
    
    Stack Considerations
    
    Globals and the Order of Execution
    
    Threads & Niladic Functions
    
    Threads & External Functions
    
    Synchronising Threads
    
    Semaphore Example
    
    Latch Example
    
    Debugging
  - Triggers
    Triggers
    
    Introduction
    
    Example
    
    Global Triggers
  - Native Files
  - Component Files
    Component Files
    
    Introduction
    
    Component Files
    
    Programming Techniques
    
    File Design
    
    Internal Structure
    
    The Effect of Buffering
    
    Integrity and Security
  - Error Trapping
    Error Trapping
    
    Standard Error Action
    
    Error Trapping
    
    Error Trapping Examples
    
    Signalling Events
    
    Handling Unexpected Errors
  - Error Messages
    Error Messages
    
    Introduction
    
    APL Error Messages
    
    Operating System Error Messages
    
    Windows Operating System Error Messages
    
    APL Error Messages (A-Z)
    APL Error Messages (A-Z)
    
    bad ws
    
    cannot create name
    
    clear ws
    
    copy incomplete
    
    DEADLOCK
    
    defn error
    
    DOMAIN ERROR
    
    EOF INTERRUPT
    
    EXCEPTION
    
    FIELD CONTENTS RANK ERROR
    
    FIELD CONTENTS TOO MANY COLUMNS
    
    FIELD POSITION ERROR
    
    FIELD CONTENTS TYPE MISMATCH
    
    FIELD TYPE BEHAVIOUR UNRECOGNISED
    
    FIELD ATTRIBUTES RANK ERROR
    
    FIELD ATTRIBUTES LENGTH ERROR
    
    FULL SCREEN ERROR
    
    KEY CODE UNRECOGNISED
    
    KEY CODE RANK ERROR
    
    KEY CODE TYPE ERROR
    
    FORMAT FILE ACCESS ERROR
    
    FORMAT FILE ERROR
    
    FILE ACCESS ERROR
    
    FILE ACCESS ERROR CONVERTING
    
    FILE COMPONENT DAMAGED
    
    FILE DAMAGED
    
    FILE FULL
    
    FILE INDEX ERROR
    
    FILE NAME ERROR
    
    FILE NAME QUOTA USED UP
    
    FILE SYSTEM ERROR
    
    FILE SYSTEM NO SPACE
    
    FILE SYSTEM NOT AVAILABLE
    
    FILE SYSTEM TIES USED UP
    
    FILE TIE ERROR
    
    FILE TIED
    
    FILE TIED REMOTELY
    
    FILE TIE QUOTA USED UP
    
    FORMAT ERROR
    
    HOLD ERROR
    
    incorrect command
    
    INDEX ERROR
    
    INTERNAL ERROR
    
    INTERRUPT
    
    is name
    
    LENGTH ERROR
    
    LIMIT ERROR
    
    NONCE ERROR
    
    NO PIPES
    
    name is not a ws
    
    Name already exists
    
    Namespace does not exist
    
    not copied name
    
    not found name
    
    not saved this ws is name
    
    PROCESSOR TABLE FULL
    
    RANK ERROR
    
    RESIZE
    
    name saved date time
    
    SYNTAX ERROR
    
    sys error number
    
    TIMEOUT
    
    TRANSLATION ERROR
    
    TRAP ERROR
    
    too many names
    
    VALUE ERROR
    
    warning duplicate label
    
    warning duplicate name
    
    warning pendent operation
    
    warning label name present
    
    warning unmatched brackets
    
    warning unmatched parentheses
    
    was name
    
    WS FULL
    
    ws not found
    
    ws too large
    
    Operating System Error Messages (A-Z)
    Operating System Error Messages (A-Z)
    
    FILE ERROR 1 Not owner
    
    FILE ERROR 2 No such file
    
    FILE ERROR 5 I O error
    
    FILE ERROR 6 No such device
    
    FILE ERROR 13 Permission denied
    
    FILE ERROR 20 Not a directory
    
    FILE ERROR 21 Is a directory
    
    FILE ERROR 23 File table overflow
    
    FILE ERROR 24 Too many open
    
    FILE ERROR 26 Text file busy
    
    FILE ERROR 27 File too large
    
    FILE ERROR 28 No space left
    
    FILE ERROR 30 Read only file
    
    System Errors
  - APLMon
    APLMon
    
    Introduction
    
    Using APLMON
    
    APLMON output
    
    Special syntax
    
    Notes
Dyalog for Microsoft Windows
Dyalog for Microsoft Windows
Dyalog for UNIX
Dyalog for UNIX
- Installation/Configuration
  Installation/Configuration
  - Introduction
  - Installing Dyalog APL
  - Dyalog Serial Number
  - Konsole
  - APL VNC RDP
  - PuTTY
  - Configuration Parameters
    Configuration Parameters
    
    Introduction
    
    Configuration Files
    
    Environment Variables
  - Configuring the Editor
  - Starting from scripts
  - Magic
  - SE and SALT
  - HOME dyalog directory
  - QuadNA and UNIX
  - Miscellaneous
  - BuildID
- User Interface
  User Interface
Release Notes
Release Notes
- v20.0 Release Notes
  v20.0 Release Notes
  - Introduction
  - System Requirements
  - Announcements
    
    Announcements
    
    Deprecated Functionality
  - New and Enhanced Features
  - Minor Updates and Bug Fixes
  - Interoperability
- Earlier Release Notes
  Earlier Release Notes
  - Dyalog v19.0 Release Notes
    Dyalog v19.0 Release Notes
    
    Introduction
    Introduction
    
    Key Features
    
    Extension to Native File Functions
    
    Lexical Scope in Scripts
    
    Session Gutter
    
    Source as Typed
    
    Bug Fixes
    
    Announcements
    
    System Requirements
    
    Interoperability
    
    Configuration Parameters
    Configuration Parameters
    
    New or Changed Configuration Parameters
    
    DYALOG_GUTTER_ENABLE
    
    DYALOG_DISCARD_FN_SOURCE
    
    DYALOG_INITSESSION
    
    DyalogLink
    
    DyalogStartup_X
    
    DyalogStartupSE
    
    Log_File
    
    Language Reference Changes
    Language Reference Changes
    
    Language Changes
    
    File Hold
    
    Fix Script
    
    Allocate Token Range
    
    Memory Manager Statistics
    
    Enable Compression of Large Components
    
    Discard Source Information
    
    Discard Source Code
    
    Hash Table Size
    
    Lookup Table Size
    
    Object Reference Changes
    Object Reference Changes
    
    AllowContextMenu
    
    ExecuteJavaScript
    
    GetZoomLevel
    
    IsLoading
    
    LoadEnd
    
    SetZoomLevel
About
About
- Third-party Licences
- Trademarks

Divide ÷

Monadic Divide means Reciprocal

      ÷ 1 2 3
1 0.5 0.333333

Dyadic Divide means Divided By

      1 2 3 ÷ 4 5 7
0.25 0.4 0.428571

      10 ÷ ¯2 0.5
¯5 20

Language Elements

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